Education System and Preschool
The preschool is part of the early childhood education system in Germany. Attendance is voluntary and is aimed at children of preschool age, usually between 4 and 6 years old. Preschool offerings vary depending on the federal state, as education in Germany is the responsibility of the states. Preschools are often seen as transitional facilities between kindergarten and elementary school and serve to prepare children for the start of school.
Goals of Preschool
The main goal of preschool is to support children in their intellectual, physical, and social development. The focus is on preparing for the school routine. Children learn basic skills, such as concentration, cooperation, and language understanding. Other goals include the promotion of fine motor skills and the development of a basic understanding of numbers and letters, without formal instruction.
Preschool Facilities in Germany
Preschool programs are often organized by kindergartens or elementary schools. In some federal states, there are special preschools, while in others, preschool education is part of kindergarten. Public and private providers offer various preschool concepts that differ in pedagogical approaches and care times. Attendance at a preschool is not mandatory in Germany.
Registration and Costs
Registration for preschool usually happens through the kindergarten or directly at the respective preschool facilities. Often, preschool education is integrated into the last year of kindergarten, so many parents do not need a separate registration. In most cases, attendance at preschool is free of charge, especially in public institutions. However, private preschools charge fees that depend on the respective institution.
Differences by Federal State
The preschool facilities and offerings differ greatly between the various federal states. While in some states specialized preschools exist, in other regions, preschool education is completely covered by kindergartens. Bavaria, for instance, offers special preschool classes at elementary schools, while in other states, the transition from kindergarten to elementary school occurs without separate preschool facilities.
Content of Preschool Education
The content of preschool education is heavily oriented towards the needs of the children. There are no traditional lessons, as the focus is on playful learning. Children practice social skills such as working in groups, adhering to rules, and resolving conflicts. Motor exercises promote fine motor skills, and language support programs help to expand vocabulary and language comprehension. Initial encounters with numbers and letters take place in a playful manner.
Benefits of Preschool
Attending preschool can provide many children with a gentle introduction to school life. Children who participate in preschool programs often have an easier transition to first grade as they are already accustomed to structured daily routines and basic social structures. Additionally, early support for linguistic and motor skills is encouraged. Children with special needs also benefit from specific preschool programs.