Types of Internships
In Germany, there are various types of internships that differ in their objectives and duration. A school internship is typically completed during the school term and serves to provide students with their first insights into the working world. Career orientation internships are aimed at school leavers who have not yet decided on vocational training (Ausbildung) or higher education. These internships help to explore different career fields and assess one’s own interests. Voluntary internships can usually be arranged flexibly and offer young adults the opportunity to gain their first professional experiences after graduation. Mandatory internships, which are required as part of vocational training (Ausbildung) or degree programs, are also among the most common types of internships.
Advantages of an Internship
An internship offers numerous advantages: It provides a direct insight into the daily work of a company and helps to better assess one’s own professional interests and skills. Internships are often the first professional experience and improve the chances of securing a vocational training (Ausbildung) or degree position, as they demonstrate commitment and initiative on one’s resume. Additionally, interns learn to take on responsibility, integrate into a team, and develop important professional key skills such as communication and organizational abilities. An internship also provides the opportunity to network, which can be useful for later career entry.
Disadvantages and Challenges of an Internship
One disadvantage of internships is the often low or nonexistent compensation, especially for voluntary internships that are not mandatory as part of a degree program or vocational training (Ausbildung). In such cases, interns usually receive only a small expense allowance or no payment at all. Furthermore, interns are usually in a legally weaker position compared to regular employees, concerning working hours, vacation, and protection against dismissal. Another problem can be the exploitation as cheap labor, especially if the internship is poorly organized and the actual learning objectives take a back seat. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly inform oneself in advance about the content and framework conditions of the internship.
Internship Duration and Structure
The duration of an internship can vary greatly, depending on the objective and type of internship. School internships usually last only a few weeks, while career orientation or voluntary internships can last between one and six months. For mandatory internships, which are required during a degree program or vocational training (Ausbildung), the minimum duration is often several months. Longer internships offer the advantage that interns gain deeper insights into work processes and can take on more extensive tasks. However, for longer internships, it should be ensured that learning objectives are clearly defined and that the activities do not consist solely of simple auxiliary tasks.
Internship as a Springboard for Entering the Workforce
A well-completed internship can be a valuable springboard for entering the workforce. Many companies use internships to get to know potential new employees and assess whether they are a good long-term fit for the company. Especially in industries with a high shortage of skilled workers, interns are often hired directly after successful completion or given the opportunity to begin vocational training (Ausbildung) or a dual degree program within the company. An internship also helps to better plan one’s own career path by providing clarity about professional interests and strengths.
Compensation and Legal Framework
The compensation of an internship depends on various factors, such as the type of internship, the size of the company, and the industry. Mandatory internships as part of vocational training (Ausbildung) or a degree program are usually unpaid, whereas voluntary internships that last longer than three months have been subject to the minimum wage law since 2015. This means that interns are entitled to the statutory minimum wage, provided that the internship lasts longer than three months. However, this regulation does not apply to shorter internships or those that are part of career orientation. Therefore, it is important to check the legal framework before starting the internship and to make clear agreements regarding compensation and working hours.
Applying for an Internship
Applying for an internship does not significantly differ from a regular application for a vocational training (Ausbildung) position or a job. It should include a cover letter, a resume, as well as relevant certificates and references. In the cover letter, the motivation for the internship, the interest in the respective company, and the desired learning objectives should be clearly stated. Since many companies offer internship positions year-round, an early application is advisable. Especially in highly sought-after industries, such as the media sector or international companies, the competition for internship positions can be intense.
Internship as Career Orientation
Internships are especially interesting for individuals who are still in the phase of career orientation. By working practically in various departments and projects, interns can find out which activities suit them and which professions match their interests and skills. Many students and high school graduates use internships as a bridge between graduation and the start of vocational training (Ausbildung) to gain more clarity about their career goals. Internships also provide the opportunity for students uncertain about their studies who wish to change their major, or for school dropouts, to reorient themselves and explore alternative career paths.
Internship Abroad
An internship abroad represents another interesting opportunity to gain practical experience while also acquiring international skills. Such internships are especially popular among students and young professionals, as they help to deepen language skills and develop intercultural abilities. Many international companies offer specialized internship programs tailored to the needs of young professionals. Organizations such as Erasmus+ or the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) also provide financial and organizational support for internships abroad. An internship abroad is not only a personal enrichment but also valued by employers as a valuable experience.
Internship as Preparation for Vocational Training (Ausbildung)
An internship can be specifically used as preparation for vocational training (Ausbildung). Many companies offer trial internships to provide potential trainees with insight into their future vocational training (Ausbildung) profession. These internships help to acquaint trainees with the expectations and requirements of a specific professional role and to determine whether the desired profession aligns with their own expectations. Such internships can also help increase the chances of securing a training position, as companies often prefer to hire applicants who have already gained initial practical experience within the company.