What is Bullying in Vocational Training?
Bullying in Vocational Training refers to systematic, repeated harassment, exclusion, or humiliation of a person at the training workplace. For apprentices, this can happen through supervisors, colleagues, or other learners. Typical bullying actions include verbal attacks, constant criticism, spreading rumors, or preventing opportunities for further education. Affected apprentices often experience significant stress and pressure, which can jeopardize their training success.
Types of Bullying in Vocational Training
Bullying during vocational training can take various forms: emotional bullying like constant derogatory comments, social bullying through exclusion from groups and activities, or even cyberbullying that occurs through social media. In some cases, supervisors or trainers deliberately exert pressure to discourage apprentices. The aim is often to demotivate the affected person or to push them out of the training establishment.
Causes and Motives of Bullying
The causes of bullying during the training period are diverse. Competition, personal conflicts, or abuse of power are often decisive factors. In teams with high performance pressure and little collaboration, bullying often arises when individuals show weaknesses or stand out from the group. Factors such as ethnic origin, gender, or the age of an apprentice can also promote bullying.
Legal Protection and Rights of Apprentices
In Germany, apprentices are legally protected against bullying. According to the General Equal Treatment Act (AGG), trainers and employers must not tolerate discrimination or harassment. Apprentices have the right to a healthy work environment where their dignity is respected. If bullying occurs, they can turn to the works council or the youth and apprentice representation. In serious cases, a report to the police or a lawsuit in labor court is also possible.
Prevention of Bullying in Training Companies
To prevent bullying, a clear corporate culture that promotes respect and collaboration is necessary. Many training companies rely on training and conflict management programs to create a healthy work environment. Leaders play a key role in this, as they can prevent bullying through active intervention. Apprentices should also be informed about their rights and points of contact at the beginning of their training.
Help and Support for Affected Individuals
Affected apprentices can turn to various counseling centers that help them cope with the situation. Organizations such as the Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) or the Chamber of Crafts offer counseling services. In addition, there are specialized bullying counseling centers focusing on supporting bullying victims. Psychological support can also be accessed through the training company or health insurance funds.
Counseling Centers and Support Groups
In Germany, there are numerous counseling centers and support groups that assist apprentices in bullying situations. The Federal Association Against Bullying e.V. and local counseling centers provide information and support. Support groups also allow affected individuals to exchange experiences with others who have gone through similar situations, which often represents an important step towards processing their experiences.
What to Do in Serious Cases?
When apprentices experience bullying, they should document the incidents and, if possible, involve trusted colleagues or supervisors. Addressing problems early can help clarify misunderstandings. If bullying continues, it’s advisable to contact the works council or external counseling centers to obtain professional support and consider legal steps.